Contact Information

Kassim Al-Khatib
Professor
University of California, Davis

279A Robbins Hall
One Shields Avenue
Davis, CA 95616

530-752-9160 (office)
530-219-0529 (mobile)
kalkhatib@ucdavis.edu

Contact Information

Kassim Al-Khatib
Professor
University of California, Davis

279A Robbins Hall
One Shields Avenue
Davis, CA 95616

530-752-9160 (office)
530-219-0529 (mobile)
kalkhatib@ucdavis.edu

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Mode of Action (MoA)
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Chemistry

Herbicides
2,4-D
Plants

Symptoms

Mode of Action (MoA)	Chemistry	Herbicides	Plants	Symptoms
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		2,4-D

161 images matching the selected options:

Plant: alfalfa
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: chlorosis, epinasty, leaf cupping, leaf curling, leaf distortion, leaf malformation, twisting

Plant: alfalfa
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: chlorosis, leaf cupping, leaf curling, leaf distortion, leaf malformation, leaf narrowing, leaf strapping, twisting

Plant: alfalfa
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: epinasty, leaf curling, leaf distortion, leaf strapping, twisting

Plant: alfalfa
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: leaf curling, leaf distortion, leaf narrowing, leaf strapping, twisting

Plant: alfalfa
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: bleaching, brace-root malformation, leaf curling, leaf distortion, leaf malformation, leaf narrowing, leaf strapping

Plant: almond
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: stem dieback

Plant: almond
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: chlorosis, leaf curling, stem dieback, terminal bud death, twisting, vein discoloration

Plant: almond
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: excessive branching, excessive bud break, leaf cupping, leaf curling, leaf distortion, terminal bud death

Plant: almond
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: stunting

Plant: almond
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: chlorosis, chlorotic spots, leaf cupping, leaf curling, leaf distortion, leaf malformation, necrosis, necrotic spots, stunting

Plant: almond
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: chlorosis, leaf curling, leaf distortion, leaf narrowing, leaf strapping, stunting

Plant: apple
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: excessive bud break, leaf curling, leaf distortion, leaf feathering, leaf malformation, leaf-margin fingering, stem coloring

Plant: ash tree
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: leaf crinkling, leaf distortion, leaf feathering, leaf malformation, leaf narrowing, leaf-margin fingering, stunting

Plant: ash tree
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: bleaching, discoloration, leaf distortion, leaf feathering, leaf malformation, leaf narrowing, leaf strapping, vein discoloration

Plant: asparagus
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: epinasty, stem malformation, stunting, twisting

Plant: asparagus
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: epinasty, stem malformation, twisting

Plant: beet
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: epinasty, leaf crinkling, leaf curling, stunting, twisting

Plant: beet
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: epinasty, leaf crinkling, leaf curling

Plant: beet
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: epinasty, leaf crinkling, leaf cupping, leaf curling, leaf distortion, leaf feathering, leaf malformation, leaf strapping, twisting

Plant: carrot
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: epinasty, stunting, twisting

Plant: carrot
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: epinasty, excessive bud break, stunting, twisting

Plant: carrot
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: chlorosis, leaf margin chlorosis, leaf narrowing, leaf strapping

Plant: carrot
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: epinasty, excessive bud break, necrosis, stunting

Plant: carrot
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: epinasty, twisting

Plant: carrot
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: chlorosis, epinasty, stunting, twisting

Plant: carrot
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: chlorosis, epinasty, leaf distortion

Plant: carrot
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: callused stem, epinasty, stem malformation, twisting

Plant: carrot
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: excessive bud break

Plant: carrot
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: root malformation

Plant: cherry
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: interveinal chlorosis, leaf crinkling

Plant: cherry
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: leaf curling

Plant: cherry
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: epinasty, leaf cupping, leaf curling, leaf distortion, leaf feathering, leaf malformation, leaf narrowing, stunting

Plant: cherry
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: chlorosis, discoloration, epinasty, leaf cupping, leaf curling, leaf distortion, leaf feathering, leaf malformation, leaf narrowing, stunting, twisting

Plant: cherry
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: epinasty, leaf curling, leaf distortion, leaf feathering, leaf malformation, leaf narrowing, leaf strapping, leaf-margin fingering, twisting

Plant: cherry
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: epinasty, leaf crinkling, leaf cupping, leaf curling, leaf distortion, leaf feathering, leaf malformation, stunting, twisting

Plant: cherry
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: twisting

Plant: cherry
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: leaf cupping, leaf curling, leaf-margin fingering

Plant: cherry
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: discoloration, epinasty, leaf curling, leaf distortion, leaf feathering, leaf malformation, leaf narrowing, leaf strapping, leaf-margin fingering, twisting, vein discoloration

Plant: cherry
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: vein discoloration

Plant: cherry
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: leaf crinkling, leaf cupping, leaf curling, leaf distortion, leaf feathering, leaf malformation, leaf strapping, necrosis, terminal bud death, twisting, vein discoloration

Plant: citrus
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: chlorosis, epinasty, leaf crinkling, leaf cupping, leaf curling, leaf distortion, leaf feathering, leaf malformation, leaf narrowing, malformation

Plant: citrus
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: chlorosis, leaf crinkling, leaf cupping, leaf curling, leaf distortion, leaf feathering, leaf malformation, leaf narrowing

Plant: citrus
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: leaf crinkling, leaf cupping, leaf curling, leaf distortion, leaf malformation, leaf narrowing

Plant: clover
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: leaf curling, leaf distortion, leaf narrowing, leaf strapping, vein discoloration

Plant: common bean
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: chlorosis, leaf crinkling, leaf curling, leaf distortion, leaf feathering, leaf malformation, stunting

Plant: common bean
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: chlorosis, epinasty, leaf crinkling, leaf cupping, leaf curling, leaf distortion, leaf malformation, leaf strapping, stunting

Plant: common bean
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: epinasty, leaf crinkling, leaf cupping, leaf curling, leaf distortion, leaf malformation, leaf narrowing, leaf strapping, malformation

Plant: corn
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: brace-root malformation

Plant: corn
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: chlorosis, epinasty, leaf distortion, leaf narrowing, lodging, malformation

Plant: corn
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: chlorosis, epinasty, leaf distortion, leaf malformation, leaf narrowing, lodging, malformation

Plant: corn
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: epinasty, leaf cupping, leaf curling, leaf distortion, leaf malformation, leaf strapping, lodging, seedling distortion, stem malformation

Plant: corn
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: leaf curling, leaf distortion, leaf malformation, leaf strapping, lodging, root malformation, root stunting, seedling distortion

Plant: corn
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: brace-root malformation, root malformation, root stunting

Plant: corn
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: bleaching, brace-root malformation

Plant: corn
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: brace-root malformation

Plant: corn
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: leaf strapping

Plant: corn
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: leaf curling, leaf distortion, leaf malformation, leaf narrowing, leaf strapping, seedling distortion, stunting

Plant: corn
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: leaf curling, leaf distortion, leaf malformation, leaf narrowing, leaf strapping

Plant: corn
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: brace-root malformation, leaf distortion, leaf malformation, leaf narrowing, leaf strapping, root malformation, seedling distortion

Plant: cotoneaster
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: chlorosis, flower malformation, leaf cupping, leaf curling, leaf distortion, leaf narrowing, leaf strapping, stunting

Plant: cotton
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: chlorosis, leaf cupping, leaf curling, leaf distortion, leaf feathering, leaf malformation, leaf-margin fingering, stunting, vein discoloration, veinal chlorosis

Plant: cotton
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: chlorosis, epinasty, leaf cupping, leaf curling, leaf distortion, leaf feathering, leaf narrowing, leaf strapping, stunting

Plant: cotton
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: chlorosis, epinasty, leaf crinkling, leaf cupping, leaf curling, leaf distortion, leaf feathering, leaf malformation, leaf narrowing, leaf strapping, leaf-margin fingering, necrosis, stunting, twisting, vein discoloration

Plant: cotton
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: leaf cupping, leaf curling, leaf distortion, leaf feathering, leaf malformation, leaf narrowing, leaf strapping, leaf-margin fingering

Plant: cotton
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: fruit abortion

Plant: dogwood
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: leaf cupping, leaf curling, leaf distortion, leaf purpling, stunting, twisting

Plant: english ivy
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: chlorosis, epinasty, leaf crinkling, leaf curling, leaf malformation, stunting

Plant: english ivy
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: leaf cupping, leaf curling, leaf distortion, leaf malformation, stunting, twisting

Plant: grape
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: epinasty, leaf curling, leaf distortion, necrosis, stem dieback

Plant: grape
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: chlorosis, epinasty, leaf crinkling, leaf cupping, leaf curling, leaf distortion, leaf feathering, leaf malformation, leaf strapping, leaf-margin fingering, stunting, twisting

Plant: grape
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: epinasty, excessive branching, leaf crinkling, leaf cupping, leaf curling, leaf distortion, leaf feathering, leaf malformation, leaf stacking, leaf strapping, leaf-margin fingering, stunting

Plant: grape
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: chlorosis, leaf-margin fingering, vein discoloration

Plant: grape
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: leaf crinkling, vein discoloration

Plant: grape
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: epinasty, flower abortion, twisting

Plant: grape
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: chlorosis, internode shortening, leaf crinkling, leaf cupping, leaf curling, leaf distortion, leaf feathering, leaf malformation, leaf strapping, leaf-margin fingering, stunting, twisting

Plant: grape
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: epinasty, necrosis, stem dieback, stunting

Plant: grape
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: callused stem, chlorotic spots, necrosis, stem coloring, terminal bud death

Plant: grape
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: discoloration, leaf distortion, leaf-margin fingering, vein discoloration

Plant: grape
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: leaf crinkling, leaf curling, leaf distortion, leaf-margin fingering

Plant: grape
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: chlorosis, discoloration, leaf cupping, leaf-margin fingering

Plant: grape
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: discoloration, leaf crinkling, leaf curling, leaf distortion, leaf malformation, vein discoloration

Plant: grape
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: leaf crinkling, leaf curling, leaf distortion, leaf-margin fingering, vein discoloration

Plant: grape
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: fruit disorder, fruit malformation, vein discoloration

Plant: grape
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: discoloration, leaf crinkling, leaf cupping, leaf malformation, leaf-margin fingering, vein discoloration

Plant: grape
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: leaf crinkling, vein discoloration

Plant: grape
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: fruit irregular rippening

Plant: grape
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: epinasty, flower abortion, leaf crinkling, leaf cupping, leaf curling, leaf distortion, leaf malformation, leaf strapping, leaf-margin fingering, twisting

Plant: grape
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: epinasty, leaf distortion, necrosis, stem coloring, stem dieback

Plant: grape
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: epinasty, flower abortion, leaf cupping, leaf curling, leaf distortion, necrosis, stem coloring, stem dieback

Plant: grape
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: stem coloring, stem cracking

Plant: hemp
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: epinasty, leaf crinkling, leaf cupping, leaf curling, leaf distortion

Plant: ice plant
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: bleaching, chlorosis, stunting, twisting

Plant: melon
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: epinasty, leaf crinkling, leaf curling, leaf distortion, stunting, twisting

Plant: melon
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: epinasty, leaf crinkling, leaf cupping, leaf curling, leaf distortion, stunting

Plant: melon
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: epinasty, leaf crinkling, leaf curling, leaf distortion, stunting

Plant: peach
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: chlorosis, epinasty, leaf cupping, leaf distortion, leaf malformation, twisting

Plant: photinia
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: leaf distortion, leaf malformation, leaf narrowing, stunting

Plant: pistachio
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: epinasty, stunting, twisting

Plant: prune
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: chlorosis, leaf crinkling, leaf distortion, leaf malformation, leaf narrowing, leaf strapping, necrotic spots, stunting, vein discoloration

Plant: prune
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: chlorosis, epinasty, leaf crinkling, leaf curling, leaf distortion, leaf malformation, necrotic spots, stem coloring, stem reddishness, terminal bud death

Plant: prune
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: stunting

Plant: prune
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: chlorosis, leaf crinkling, leaf distortion, leaf narrowing, necrotic spots, stunting

Plant: prune
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: chlorosis, leaf crinkling, leaf curling, leaf distortion, leaf malformation, necrosis, necrotic spots, terminal bud death

Plant: prune
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: chlorosis, leaf crinkling, leaf cupping, leaf curling, leaf distortion, leaf malformation, leaf narrowing, necrosis, necrotic spots

Plant: prune
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: necrotic spots

Plant: pumpkin
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: epinasty, growth distortion, leaf cupping, leaf curling, leaf distortion, stem malformation

Plant: pumpkin
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: callused stem, epinasty, leaf malformation, stem cracking, stem malformation

Plant: rose
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: leaf crinkling, leaf cupping, leaf curling, leaf distortion, leaf malformation

Plant: rose
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: epinasty, leaf crinkling, leaf curling, leaf feathering, leaf strapping, twisting

Plant: rose
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: discoloration, leaf crinkling, leaf distortion, leaf feathering, leaf malformation, leaf narrowing, leaf-margin fingering, vein discoloration

Plant: rose
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: epinasty, leaf cupping, leaf curling, leaf distortion, leaf feathering, leaf strapping, leaf-margin fingering, twisting

Plant: rose
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: epinasty, leaf cupping, leaf curling, leaf distortion, stunting

Plant: rose
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: epinasty, leaf crinkling, leaf cupping, leaf curling, leaf distortion, leaf malformation, stunting, twisting

Plant: rose
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: leaf cupping, leaf curling, leaf distortion, leaf malformation, leaf narrowing, leaf-margin fingering

Plant: rose
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: epinasty, flower malformation, leaf crinkling, leaf cupping, leaf curling, leaf distortion, leaf feathering, leaf malformation, leaf narrowing, leaf strapping, twisting

Plant: rose
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: epinasty, leaf malformation, necrosis, twisting

Plant: safflower
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: leaf curling, leaf distortion, leaf narrowing, stunting

Plant: safflower
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: epinasty, leaf crinkling, leaf cupping, leaf curling, leaf distortion, stem malformation

Plant: safflower
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: callused stem, chlorosis, epinasty, leaf crinkling, leaf cupping, leaf curling, leaf distortion, necrotic spots, stem cracking, stem malformation

Plant: sorghum
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: green snapping

Plant: sorghum
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: leaf curling, leaf narrowing, leaf strapping, lodging, stunting

Plant: soybean
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: epinasty, leaf cupping, leaf curling, leaf distortion, leaf malformation, malformation, stunting

Plant: soybean
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: chlorosis, epinasty, leaf cupping, leaf curling, leaf distortion, leaf malformation, leaf strapping, stunting, twisting

Plant: soybean
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: epinasty, leaf crinkling, leaf curling, leaf distortion, leaf feathering, leaf malformation, leaf narrowing, stunting

Plant: soybean
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: epinasty, leaf crinkling, leaf cupping, leaf curling, leaf distortion, leaf feathering, leaf malformation, leaf narrowing, leaf strapping

Plant: soybean
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: chlorosis, epinasty, leaf crinkling, leaf cupping, leaf curling, leaf distortion, stunting

Plant: sunflower
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: chlorosis, leaf feathering, leaf malformation

Plant: sunflower
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: chlorosis, epinasty, leaf crinkling, leaf cupping, leaf distortion

Plant: tomato
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: callused stem, epinasty, growth distortion, leaf distortion, stem malformation, stunting

Plant: tomato
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: epinasty, leaf crinkling, leaf curling, leaf distortion, leaf malformation, stunting, twisting

Plant: walnut
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: leaf crinkling, stunting, vein discoloration

Plant: walnut
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: discoloration, leaf crinkling, leaf cupping, leaf curling, leaf distortion, leaf feathering, leaf malformation, stunting, twisting

Plant: walnut
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: leaf crinkling, leaf distortion, leaf malformation, leaf narrowing, leaf strapping, stunting

Plant: walnut
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: leaf crinkling, leaf distortion, leaf narrowing, stunting

Plant: wheat
MoA: Synthetic auxins
Chemistry: Phenoxy-carboxylic acid
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Symptoms: spike distortion, spike malformation